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Health and Social Care Act 2012
The Health and Social Care Act 2012 ((c 7 )) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It provides for the most extensive reorganisation of the structure of the National Health Service in England to date.〔''BMJ'', 2011; 342:d408, (Dr Lansley’s Monster ) 〕 It removed responsibility for the health of citizens from the Secretary of State for Health, which the post had carried since the inception of the NHS in 1948. It abolished NHS primary care trusts (PCTs) and Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs) and transferred between £60 billion and £80 billion of "commissioning", or health care funds, from the abolished PCTs to several hundred "clinical commissioning groups", partly run by the general practitioners (GPs) in England but a major point of access for private service providers. A new executive agency of the Department of Health, Public Health England, was established under the Act on 1 April 2013.
The proposals are primarily the result of policies of the then Secretary of State for Health, Andrew Lansley. Writing in the ''BMJ'', Clive Peedell (co-chairman of the NHS Consultants Association and a consultant clinical oncologist) compared the policies with academic analyses of privatisation and found "evidence that privatisation is an inevitable consequence of many of the policies contained in the Health and Social Care Bill".〔Clive Peedell, ''BMJ'', 17 May 2011, (Further privatisation is inevitable under the proposed NHS reforms ), BMJ 2011; 342:d2996〕 Lansley said that claims that the government is attempting to privatise the NHS are "ludicrous scaremongering".
The proposals contained in the Act are some of the coalition government's most controversial. Although glanced at in the Conservative Party's manifesto in 2010,〔http://www.general-election-2010.co.uk/conservative-party-manifesto-2010-general-election〕 they were not discussed during the general election campaign that year and were not contained in the Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition agreement,〔 which mentioned the NHS only to commit the coalition to a real-term funding increase every year. Within two months of the election a white paper was published, outlining what the ''Daily Telegraph'' called the "biggest revolution in the NHS since its foundation".〔''Daily Telegraph'', 9 July 2010, (Biggest revolution in the NHS for 60 years )〕 The bill was introduced in the House of Commons on 19 January 2011.〔www.parliament.uk, (Bill stages — Health and Social Care Bill 2010-11 )〕〔http://www.parliament.uk, (Health and Social Care Bill ) - text of bill as introduced on 19 January 2011.〕 In April 2011 the government announced a "listening exercise", halting the Bill's legislative progress until after the May local elections. The "listening exercise" finished by the end of that month. The Bill received Royal Assent on 27 March 2012.
==Background==
The proposals in the Act were not discussed during the general election campaign in 2010 and were not contained in the Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition agreement of 20 May 2010,〔 which declared an intention to "stop the top-down reorganisations of the NHS that have got in the way of patient care".〔 However, within two months a white paper outlined what the ''Daily Telegraph'' called the "biggest revolution in the NHS since its foundation".〔 The white paper, ''Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Equity and excellence: liberating the NHS )〕 was followed in December 2010 by an implementation plan in the form of ''Liberating the NHS: legislative framework and next steps''.〔Department of Health, (Health and Social Care Bill 2011 )〕 McKinsey & Company who have been influential in the British Department of Health for many years was heavily involved in the discussions around the Bill. The bill was introduced into the House of Commons on 19 January 2011〔 and received its second reading, a vote to approve the general principles of the Bill, by 321-235, a majority of 86, on 31 January 2011.〔Hansard, (HC Deb 31 Jan 2011 ), cols 700-704〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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